Structures of Subjectivity Explorations in Psychoanalytic

Question: Examine about the Structures of Subjectivity for Explorations in Psychoanalytic. Answer: Presentation: Sigmund Freud, one of the progenitors of brain science is the originator of therapy. He built up a few speculations (Freud, 2012) that have framed the premise of Psychoanalytic treatment. There is a developing frequency of psychological wellness issues in the current world requiring the execution of psychotherapeutic methodologies as they make profound situated changes in enthusiastic and character advancement (Strupp, 2013). This treatment is the successful decision for patients with explicit passionate concern. In this specific situation; the exposition clarifies the psychoanalytic treatment for Peter, a 40 years of age single male, who is as of now looking for the psychoanalytic advisor to end his battle with relational clashes. The article clarifies the procedure of psychoanalytic treatment with regards to the contextual investigation, the stages and strategies of treatment, and the objectives of treatment. The exposition further presents the evaluate of psychoanalytic treatment. It quickly clarifies the key commitments of the psychoanalytic treatment and its confinements. The paper likewise gives proposals on how psychoanalytic treatment can additionally develop to improve its adequacy in treatment. Ultimately, the paper expounds the utilizations of different models that can defeat the restrictions of psychoanalytic treatment. As indicated by Lionells et al., (2014), there are three phases of psychoanalytic treatment distinguished which are the underlying, center and the late stage. During the underlying stage, the advisor will in general think about the patient and set up a restorative relationship. With regards to Peter, the specialist may will in general know his characterological style, risky circumstance managing his conduct and his cautious maneuvres. The advisor may note customers beginning protection from the procedure and early transferential process for utilizing it in future when the better comprehension of the customers previous existence will reveal insight into the present transferential reactions. During the center stage, the specialist will in general become familiar with the sentiments of the guest for a noteworthy individual in the adolescence. The two fundamental methods utilized at this stage are investigation of transference and examination of obstruction (Stolorow et al., 2014). At th is stage, the protection from the treatment and the transference procedure turns out to be progressively articulated and fundamental piece of treatment. At this stage, the advisor can clarify and relate between the internal oblivious clashes or wants and sickness. Therefore, it will assist Peter with realizing and fathom subsequently permitting him to encounter more extensive decisions throughout everyday life. At this stage, Peter's current dynamic could never again be a cloud by his past bends. It is at this phase of treatment where Peter will be made to work through his contentions. This may have the great impact on the customer. In the late phase of psychoanalytic treatment likewise called as goals stage, there is a combination of new changes in the customer. The specialist comprehends the customers old example with regards to past and old recollections that were quelled. Likewise, at this stage, relational clashes bringing about maladaptive conduct are settled in the helpful ci rcumstance. This stage may incorporate reiteration of transference and henceforth the advisor uncovers a portion of the customers issues and encourages them to confront reality. The treatment is ended when the patient can comprehend the transference autonomously (Peterfreund, 2016). In this paper, we will stress more on the center phase of psychoanalytic treatment and its objectives. A definitive objective of any psychotherapy is the improvement and upgrade in patients physical and psychological wellness to their feeling of prosperity. The point is to assist patients with managing their life all the more viably (Dreher Sandler, 2013). The objective of the psychoanalytic treatment is to break down the parts contributing towards Peters relational clash and the manner in which these segments are affecting his relationship with himself and with others (Hall, 2013). The specialist at that point expects to contemplate the patient by drawing out the trademark through specific absentmindedness. Further, the treatment objective is to concentrate on how Peter is keeping up is relationship with others just as his conduct and propensities (Lionells et al., 2014). In the wake of dissecting these segments the objective of the specialist is to decide the explanation adding to his present conduct and factors making him clutch it (Peterfreund, 2016). The two principle procedures utilized at this stage are Free affiliation, dream investigation, examination of transference and investigation of opposition (Atwood Stolorow, 2014). During free affiliation, Peter will be urged to talk everything that is in his brain. The specialist may begin with an examination, which may remember for profundity questions permitting the customer to think about himself. The advisor will investigate the reactions as examples and find the reason for relational clash by investigating, rethinking and summing up the patients portrayals. The procedure of reflection will permit the specialist to get Peter and adjust his recognition by the procedure called as Reframing Barker, (2013). During dream examination, the specialist researches the quelled sentiments that are communicated in dreams revealing the oblivious material (concealed thought processes and fears). This procedure assists with giving knowledge into a diminishes present working. At this stage, the objective is to change the discernment that is harming to Peter and contributing towards relational clash. The specialist expects to help the customer in sound dynamic. The customer is helped to settle on sound decisions and act in like manner without outside impacts and uneasiness. The significance of beating uneasiness is on the grounds that nervousness and wretchedness are resultant of past associations and are the reason for strife between the cognizant and oblivious (Dreher Sandler, 2013). While breaking down transference, the specialist distinguishes the emotions to be settled. It requires encounter of Peters wishes, blame and resistances and any inconsistencies in customers discussion. At this stage, the treatment objective is to dissect the contentions adding to obstruction. For instance, Clients opposition towards uncovering personal conduct standards, dreams to the advisor and are showed as dropping arrangements or keeping away from thought. Thusly, the o bjective of treatment is to distinguish and dispose of the opposition utilizing countertransference. At this stage, the objective is to recognize the best treatment approach. This is proceeded until a phase is achieved where the customer will have cleansing experience demonstrating he can be restored (Benecke et al., 2016). The psychoanalytic treatment is being used since a century and has produced an incredible collection of examination about its key commitment. Therapy has added to fundamental comprehension of the maladaptive and versatile mental improvement according to Eysenck, (2013). It keeps on contributing towards a comprehension of sorrow and its treatment. According to Strupp, (2013) a significant meta-investigation of analysis shows positive results in 80% of the customers rewarded with psychotherapy. A huge insights is accessible on the advantages of psychotherapy, which shows a dependable impact of psychoanalytic treatment on the customers. The examination discharged by American Psychological Association in the field of emotional wellness has indicated comparative outcomes in 2010 (). With the audit of 16 meta-concentrates on the viability of talk treatment utilized in analysis, it was inferred that 90% of the individuals who experienced therapy have profited and it kept going long after th e end of treatment. These commitments of psychoanalytic treatment are important and show the quality of the treatment. By uprightness of this methodology, a few people with scope of challenges, for example, relational clash, compulsion, tension and discouragement, relationship based issue and shrouded passionate concerns were effectively rewarded with this procedure (Summers, 2013). The method was likewise fruitful when utilized for patients with character issue, learning handicaps, dietary problems, sleep deprivation, and different kinds of fears (Wampold Imel, 2015). Notwithstanding its quality, the psychoanalytic treatment is exposed to a few impediments. The key restriction is the expense and length of treatment (Wright, 2013). This treatment is involved a few meetings and isn't secured by medical coverages. This may confine the openness for those with budgetary troubles. The therapy expends a little while and months relying upon the seriousness of the psychological sicknesses which might be hard for working customers to adhere to the timetable which invalidates the point of the treatment technique utilized. Further, there is an absence of accord of the viability of analysis among the professionals. The Psychiatrists and other emotional well-being experts keep on rehearsing analysis despite the fact that today is less normal than in the years past. This is because of the analysis of both Freud and therapy in outrageous terms. The analysis towards psychoanalytic methodology identifies with the progressions that have occurred in emotional well-be ing care and psychoanalytical conclusion after some time (Schmidt Schimmelmann, 2013). Wright, (2013) Criticized that the psychoanalytical speculations are vigorously founded on the clinical contextual analyses. It is scrutinized that these hypotheses are insufficient for test research and is viewed as pseudoscience. Atwood Stolorow, (2014) Argued that hypothesis of analysis are falsifiable. There is an absence of clinical proof supporting the easygoing cases of analysis as referenced by (Freud, 2012). This establishes the significant restriction of therapy. Different substitute models have been recommended to conquer the constraints of the analysis psychotherapy. As per the paper The Efficacy of Psychodynamic Psychot

21 Bucket List Items For Graduating College Students

21 Bucket List Items For Graduating College Students The possibility of a pail list - alluding to things somebody ought to do before the individual kicks the can - doesnt simply need to apply to more seasoned people. Understudies, as well, can make their own pail rundown to ensure they get in each and every memory and bit of fun before hurling their tops at graduation. Here are a few interesting points adding to yours: 1. Admit a Crushâ Alarming? Sure. In any case, in the event that you think youll lament not telling somebody of note how you feel about them before you both go separate ways subsequent to graduating, its opportunity to put it all on the line. All things considered, regardless of whether it doesnt work out in a good way, you wont need to truly observe them once more, isn't that so? 2. Take Pictures of People Who Have Made a Difference in Your College Lifeâ When do you recollect your years at school, who made a difference most? A specific educator or two? A few companions specifically? Perhaps a coach or overseer? Regardless of whether youre persuaded that youll keep in contact with these people for a considerable length of time, snap a photo at any rate. You can giggle at how youthful everybody looked when youre old and dark and thinking back pretty much all the senseless things you did in school. 3. Express gratitude toward Your Favorite Professor Odds are one educator, specifically, stands apart for the impact the individual in question had on you during your time in school. Disclose to them thanks before you leave. You can express gratitude toward them face to face, compose an email or even leave a little card to say thanks (or possibly a present) for them on graduation day. 4. Attempt Food You Never Did Somewhere on Campus On the off chance that youve never gave a particular sort of food a shot grounds, accumulate your pride and dive in before you graduate. Youll get a decent encounter presenting yourself to something new and - you never know - you could very well wind up preferring it.â 5. Get Yourself a Graduation Gift From the Bookstore Indeed, your assets are presumably significantly more tightly than ordinary around graduation time. In any case, squeeze your pennies and prize yourself with a blessing, regardless of how little, from the book shop. A straightforward keychain, tag holder, guard sticker, business card holderâ or travel sack will remind you for quite a long time to come around perhaps the best achievement up until this point. 6. Thank the People Who Helped Pay Your Way On the off chance that grants, your folks or potentially others helped pay your way through school, make a point to tell them the amount you value their help. One recommendation: Include an image of you in your top and outfit on graduation day in a straightforward however ardent card to say thanks. 7. Compose Something for the School Paper You might be modest, you may not consider yourself a decent author and you may have never composed for the paper. Be that as it may, youll be graduating soon - which means youve prevailing at school and have significant counsel to impart to your friends. Inquire as to whether you can make an accommodation, and take a couple of hours to assemble something that goes along your intelligence. 8. Snap a Photo of Yourself and Your Room It might appear to be senseless now, however how fun will it be to glance back at what you looked like and what your room/condo looked like five, 10 or quite a while from now? Dont let something that you see each day currently sneak away with time. 9. Go to a Part of Campus Youve Never Been Before Regardless of whether youre at the littlest of schools, head to a side of grounds youve never been. You could very well get another point of view of what things look like and come to welcome a side of your school that feels fresh out of the plastic new similarly as each other piece of it is feeling old. 10. Go to a Sports Event Youve Never Been Toâ Football and ball games might be extremely popular on your grounds, yet take a stab at something new. In the event that its a stunning day, get a few companions and a few tidbits and go watch a softball or Ultimate Frisbee game. Its an incredible method to unwind and get another school memory. 11. Swim in the Campus Pool Numerous understudies overlook theres a grounds pool - or are too hesitant to utilize it. Be that as it may, these pools can be immense, dazzling and a great deal of fun. Snatch your suit, desert your frailties and go have a ton of fun game of Marco Poloâ with a few companions. 12. Have Your Favorite/Most Influential Professor Sign a Book They Wrote At the point when you consider which teacher has been the most splendid during your time in school, a couple without a doubt stand apart from the remainder of the group. Have them sign a duplicate of their most recent book before you graduate for an extraordinary token youll esteem for a considerable length of time. 13. Take an interest in a Campus Tradition Being hurled into a wellspring on yourâ birthday? Going on a 12 PM outing with yourâ fellow sorority or club individuals? Try to partake in any event one grounds custom before you graduate for an enduring, crucial memory. 14. Go to an Event on Something You Know Nothing About You attended a university to learn new things, isn't that so? So head on over to an occasion youd normallyâ neverâ consider joining in. You dont need to do something besides tuning in and learn. 15. Treat Yourself to a Nice Meal Off Campus You might be so used to terrible biscuits in the grounds café and similar dishes in the eating lobby that taking off grounds for a pleasant dinner appears to be totally out of the domain of plausibility. Odds are, nonetheless, that you can make an inquiry or two and locate an overly yummy, moderate spot that will give youâ with an incredible mealâ and an extraordinary memory. 16. Vote in Student Government Elections Alright, sure, you may have thought they were exhausting or insignificant previously. In any case, presently that youre graduating, you have an entirely genuine duty to desert a solid inheritance and emotionally supportive network for the classes that will tail you. Respect them by votingâ for understudy leadersâ who you think will keep up the measures different understudies set for you when you originally showed up nearby. 17. Go to a Professional Sports Game Off Campus On the off chance that you live in a major city and have never been to an elite athletics game, this is the ideal opportunity to go! All things considered, how senseless would you feel in the event that you needed to admit, for quite a long time and years after you graduate, that despite the fact that you lived in, state, Boston for a long time, you never observed a Red Soxâ game? Get a few companions and head out. 18. Go to a Cultural Event around Regardless of whether you live in what you consider to be the littlest of modest communities, theres a culture there that cant be supplanted and that youll most likely miss once youre gone. Go to a verse hammer, a presentation, a district reasonable or whatever else being put on around and retain everything you can before you move some place new. 19. Go to a Museum around No one can really tell what history your school town brings to the table. Challenge yourself to gain proficiency with somewhat more before you graduate by hitting a historical center around. It could be a workmanship gallery, a history exhibition hall, or in any event, something that addresses the one of a kind character of your city. Far and away superior: Use yourâ student discountâ for affirmation. 20. Volunteer Off Campus Regardless of whether you dont associate with individuals off grounds such a lot, the network that encompasses your school has helped make your experience conceivable. Give back a little by chipping in for a one-day, one-month, one-semester, or one-year pledge to an off-grounds association that underpins your own qualities and needs, as well. 21. Accomplish Something That Scares You In the event that you glance back at your school years and acknowledge you avoided any and all risks, you probably won't push yourselfâ out of your solace zoneâ enough. Take a full breath and challenge yourself to have a go at something new and alarming. Regardless of whether you think twice about it, youll get the hang of something important to you.

SIPASA Elections COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

SIPASA Elections COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following was contributed by Anesa Diaz-Uda, a second-year MPA student. __________________________ The climatic end of my time as a SIPASA board member came way back on Thursday, November 19th â€" Election Day.   My last charge on SIPASA was to organize and run this election to determine the incoming SIPASA board. Despite the immense amount of work leading up to Election Day (by myself, the rest of the Board, and all the candidates), Election Day came and went without a hitch. The polls opened at 8am, and closed at 4pm.   At 4pm we ceremoniously broke into our ballot box (a duck-taped shut cardboard box), and began counting ballots.   Each of the programs electing boards had different color ballots to make counting easier for us.   We counted right on the 4th floor (across the way from the Admissions Office), and had our results within a few hours. We coordinated with the Deans, and announced our results at the Deans/ SIPASA monthly Happy Hour at the 6th floor lounge.   The lounge was packed with students, faculty and administrators waiting in anticipation for our results â€"nerves not as high with all the wine available. 100% of MPA DP students, 59% of MIA students, and 50% of MPA students voted.   Clear winners were determined (no run offs were necessary â€"thank goodness!), and the drinking/ dancing commenced on the 6th floor with DJ Rob. GLIPA (Gays and Lesbians in International and Public Affairs) continued the festivities with their Thanksgiving Kick-Off Party at Madame X. In all the day and our term ended on a high note. To read more about the election, you can follow this link to one of our school news papers.

Television Has Changed Our Lives - 1592 Words

Television has been an everyday experience on most people’s lives for the last 80 years. Over these years it has changed the way people see the world and how people got their news. It has changed people socially; it has sparked fads and fashion. With radio people were not worried about their appearances or how the listener saw things. All of the radio listeners had were their imagination, television helped conceive what characters actually looked like on the shows. People, including myself, have their favorite programs and enjoy talking about them with others. Television has changed the way that society views things and it was the precursor to the internet and allowed people to see things from all over the world, every night the nightly news would bring all these things to everyone’s living rooms. It also effected how Americans became consumers through commercials. It has served as an information resource, an escape, and an educational tool as well, and it is even said to have won an election for JFK. Television is a very powerful part of communications and a very important technology in changing society and history. Before the Kennedy presidency, television was far behind print journalism in terms of sources audiences relied upon for news. But soon, people relied on TV news for the day s headlines as well as information on American troops in Vietnam, particularly the numbers of those killed or wounded. When something major happened on TV, it affected the whole country atShow MoreRelatedHow Has Television Changed Our Lives? Essay719 Words   |  3 PagesAlla December 8, 2012 English 4061-3 Joseph Mitchell Marques Topic: How has television changed our lives? A. Television a.) Educational b.) Entertainment c.) Informative II. 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The Ultimate New York Bar Exam Essay Topics Trick

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Poverty as a Challenge Class Ix Ncert Free Essays

Poverty As A Challenge | Class IX NCERT (CBSE) Economics (Social Science) Chapter 3, Poverty As A Challenge Class IX, NCERT (CBSE) Economics Textbook Exercise Questions-Answers Q. 1: Describe how the poverty line is estimated in India. Ans: In India poverty line is measured or calculated considering the following factors required for subsistence: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Poverty as a Challenge Class Ix Ncert or any similar topic only for you Order Now Minimum level of food requirement, 2. Clothing 3. Footwear 4. Fuel and Light 5. Education and 6. Medical requirement etc. These physical quantities are multiplied by their prices. The present formula for food requirement is based on the desired calorie requirement. On the basis of these calculations in 1999 – 2000, the poverty line in the rural areas was fixed Rs. 328 per capita per month and in urban areas, it was Rs. 454. People earning more than this amount were considered above the poverty line and earning less than this amount were considered as living below the poverty line. Q. 2: Do you think that present methodology of poverty estimation is appropriate? Ans: The present methodology of poverty estimation does not look appropriate. It only takes one factor in view and that is the economic factor. Moreover it considers about a â€Å"minimum† subsistence level of living rather than a â€Å"reasonable† level of living. Poverty has many dimensions. It is no longer confined to economic factors alone. With development, the definitions of what constitutes poverty also changes. Its concept has broadened to human poverty. A few persons may have been able to feed themselves but if they are without education, without shelter, without health-care, without job security, without self-confidence, without social equality, they are considered poor. If poverty is to be removed in real sense and the people are to be brought above the poverty line, not only that we need to increase their income but also, we have to provide the people with education, shelter, health-care, job-security, respect, dignity all. Therefore, the present methodology of poverty estimation needs to be modified and broadened in order to make it an appropriate method. Q. 3: Describe poverty trends in India since 1973. Ans: As per the data given in the book there is a substantial decline in poverty ratio in India from 55 percent in 1973 to 36 percent in 1993. There was further decline from 36 percent in 1993 to 26 percent in 2000. Although the number of poor people remained stable (about 320 million) in the earlier two decades (1973 to 1993), there was significant reduction in the number of the poor to about 260 million till 2000. If the present trend continues, the people below poverty line may come down to less than 20 percent in the next few years. Q. 4: Discuss the major reasons for poverty in India. Ans: There are various reasons for poverty in India which are outlined below – (1) Prolonged Colonial Administration The policies of British Colonial government shattered the Indian economy so much that it could not be revived until the 1980s. (2) Unabated Population Growth The failures to promote both the required economic growth and population control have been the main cause of poverty today. (3) Illiteracy Illiteracy is also an important cause of poverty in our country. (4) Disparity in the Ownership of Land-holdings The unequal distribution of land, lack of land resources and failure in the proper implementation of land reform policies have been the major causes of poverty in rural areas. (5) Unemployment Lack of job security and unemployment are other causes. (6) Widening Inequalities of Income This is a feature of high poverty. Money has been concentrating in fewer hands, thus rendering a majority of people poor. (7) Slow Growth of Employment Opportunities Despite the implementation of various employment generating programmes our government has failed to provide the necessary employment opportunities. (8) Socio-cultural Factors In order to fulfill social obligations such as marriage etc. and religious ceremonies people in India including the poor spend a lot of money which makes some people even poorer. Q. 5: Identify the social and economic groups which are most vulnerable to poverty in India. Ans: Social Groups vulnerable to Poverty in India (1) Scheduled Castes households. (2) Scheduled Tribes households. Economic Groups vulnerable to Poverty (1) Rural Agricultural labour households. (2) Urban Casual labour households. Q. 6: Give an account of interstate disparities of poverty in India. Ans: Poverty in India is not the same in every state. The success rate of reducing poverty varies from state to state causing inter-state disparities in poverty level. Orissa, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh are the three poorest states in India with their people living below poverty line being 47, 42 and 37 percent respectively. Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh are the three better-off states in India as far as the poverty is concerned. Q. 7: Describe global poverty trends. Ans: There have been substantial reduction in global poverty, but there are regional disparities described below – (1) Poverty declined in China and South-East Asian countries as a result of rapid economic growth and huge investments in the development of human resources. 2) In Latin America, the ratio of poverty remained almost the same. (3) In sub-Saharan Africa, poverty saw an upward trend rather than a downward trend. It rose from 41% in 1981 to 46% in 2001. (4) Poverty ha surfaced itself in some of the former socialist countries like Russia, where formerly it was non-existent. Q. 8: Describe current government strategy of poverty alleviation. Ans: Removal of poverty has one of the major objectives of Indian developmental strategy. The current government strategy of poverty alleviation is based on two planks: (1) Promotion of Economic Growth 2) Targeted Anti-poverty Programmes Some of the anti-poverty programmes undertaken by government at present are discussed below: Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) Started in 1993, this programme aims to create self-employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns. Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY) Launched in 2000, this aims to create and improve basic services like primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and rural electrification. National Food for Work programme (NFWP) Launched in 2004 in 150 most backward districts of the country, this programme is open to all rural poor who are in need of wage employment and desired to do manual unskilled work. National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) This act was passed in September 2005. The act provides 100 days assured employment every year to every rural household in 200 districts. Later, the scheme will be extended to 600 districts and also one third to the proposed jobs would be reserved for women. Q. 9: Answer the following questions briefly – (i) What do you understand by human poverty? ii) Who are the poorest of the poor? (iii) What are the main features of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005? Ans: (i) Poverty is multi-dimensional problem. As per the official concept of poverty, a person is considered poor if his or her income falls below a given ‘minimum level’. But human poverty is not confined to economic factors alone. With development, the definitions of what constitutes poverty also changes. The official definition of poverty considers only a ‘minimum’ subsistence level of living rather than a ‘reasonable’ level of living. Many scholars advocate that the concept of human poverty must be broadened and should be looked through other social indicators like – illiteracy level, lack of general resistance due to mal-nutrition, lack of access to resources like health-care, safe drinking water, job opportunities, sanitation, lack of self-confidence without social equality etc. (ii) Women, children (especially the girl child) and elder people in a poor family are regarded as the poorest of the poor because they are systematically denied equal access to resources available to the family. (iii) Refer to the answer of Q. 8 above. How to cite Poverty as a Challenge Class Ix Ncert, Papers

Medicine and Warden /medical Professionals free essay sample

Outcome 1 Be able to identify agreed ways to gain entry and to leave individuals homes 1 Access information about general requirements for entering and leaving individuals homes. With this being aimed at home clients this will include An Appointed time for visit agreed by client. Address of appointment. Time of appointment (always be on time to avoid any distress or concern). A form of identification. 2 identify special requirements and individual preferences for entering and leaving an individual’s home This include key boxes on door ways with code number provided for emergency use . Keys provided to support workers / housing warden /medical professionals but these as key holders should be the only person to use the keys as trusted key holders Outcome 3 is able to take appropriate action when unable to gain entry to an individual’s homes 4 explain why it is important to record and report on difficulties with access This could be because appointment forgot or illness. We will write a custom essay sample on Medicine and Warden /medical Professionals or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This could also be because of accident /incidents occurring, this makes some clients have door key lockers for appointed people like support workers and wardens. Recording any issues can Show patterns Medicinal this could be when change of medicine or between medical treatment (monthly injections etc) Financial eg when end of pay period awaiting next pay day or possible financial abuse. Environmental weather or even when area busy with people (school holidays or a time of holiday makers visiting in some areas). Outcome 4 is able to deal with emergencies encountered after gaining entry. 1 Describe emergencies that may be encountered when gaining entry to an individual’s homes There can be many emergencies involved including physical, medical, substance abuse or environmental. Environmental – this could be gas leak ,carbon monoxide , electrical ,water or fire . These should be dealt with by professions Call 999 and ask for fire +ambulance as any person in building will need medical help . Medical-These could be accidental falls or trips. Natural eg.. Bad back (slipped disc etc) . Or deliberate eg .. overdose . In any of these call 999 ask for ambulance and stay with client to reassure and if require assistance with first aid. Substance abuse –This involves drugs or /and alcohol. In this case these could lead to self-harm or harm to you . Company guidelines say leave but this is a position that should be assessed when in attendance as this could be a duty of care issue and need medical help . This must be recorded and risk assessments updated. Physical-this could be from client, other person in building or the building itself. This could be linked to environments or substance abuse and be an end result.

terminal velocity essays

terminal velocity essays SC1: Investigating Terminal Velocity When an object falls through a fluid it accelerates until it reaches its terminal velocity. At this speed the forces acting on it are balanced. My task is to investigate the factors that affect the terminal velocity of a falling object. Viscosity/density of the fluid Surface area of ball bearing Texture of the balls surface I am going to investigate how mass affects the terminal velocity. I think that as the mass of the ball bearing increases so does the weight of the ball bearing, which requires more friction to balance the ball bearings weight thus making the terminal velocity increase. I think that the mass of a ball bearing is directly proportional to the terminal velocity. This is because if the mass of ball bearing doubles so does the weight of the ball bearing, which requires twice as much friction to balance the ball bearings weight, which then doubles the terminal velocity. The scientific knowledge to prove my prediction is that as the mass of the ball bearing increases the weight of the ball bearing is increased that requires more friction to balance the ball bearings weight which increases the terminal velocity. As the ball bearing accelerates the friction acting against the falling ball bearing increases which in turn balances out the forces applied to the ball bearing which reaches the terminal velocity. The apparatus was set up as shown (in the diagram on the next page) Two elastic bands were placed on the tube 60 cm (600 mm) apart measured to the nearest 0.1 cm. The first band placed low enough so that the terminal velocity of the ball bearing was reached before the ball bearing reached the band and the second band placed far enough apart so that there would have been a smaller percentage of error. The elas ...

Case Study Outline Method

Case Study Outline Method Case Study Outline Method Writers around the world have extensively used the signpost outline to logically structure their books, especially novels and stories. The signpost outline helps writers treat each scene as a separate entity, which in turn increases their effectiveness in describing and organizing the story besides keeping eye on the big picture. A typical signpost outline used by novelists around the world has the following format: scene number and short description; setting; characters; plot. The good news is that as a student, you can adapt and use the signpost outline to turn your case study into a great paper. How? Well, signposting actually divides a case study into logical and easily manageable sections with separate headings and subheadings. Moreover, it calls for the placement of relevant phrases and words throughout the write-up, so the reader can easily read and understand the content and context of your case study. The signpost outline for a case study starts with an introduction, which is then followed by the main arguments highlighted by paragraphs, headings and subheadings. At the end of the case study comes the conclusion, but the arguments between the introduction and conclusion have to be reader friendly and engaging enough to rationally guide the reader throughout the study. To achieve this, you need to use connecting words and phrases to create linkage between the viewpoints, sentences and sections of your case study. One of the advantages of using this outline is that it will give you enough room to see the big picture and evaluate your ideas for their richness, convincing power and sustainability. It is important for the signpost outline, however, that you prepare the ground for the fundamentals ahead of time. Do not go into the specifics at this point, but simply see where you want to take the study, what you want to achieve with it and how you will organize it. Details will be added during the drafting phase. Introduction Introduce the case study by throwing light on what the study is about. Make sure to open it with an interesting perspective. If there are a range of problems you’d like to address, use words like firstly, secondly etc. to divide the problems into logical parts and tell the reader what you are going to address in the paragraphs to follow. Case Study Body: Paragraphs and Sections Make sure that the paragraphs and sections are logical extensions of what you said in the introduction. You can divide each problem/major topic into dedicated sections with separate headings, or you can make separate, dedicated paragraphs. Some of the words you can use to create linkages between sentence, paragraphs, and sections, include the following: if you want to add extra ideas, use words like furthermore, additionally, moreover etc.; if you want to make comparisons, use words like comparatively, relatively, otherwise etc.; if you want to make something evident, use words like obviously, because and certainly etc.; if you want to emphasize something, use words like absolutely, apparently, unavoidably, irrefutably. While summing up the sections and paragraphs, make sure to highlight the evidences. For example, you can use sentences like: it is proved that; hence it is clear that; what makes this approach effective is the fact that. Conclusion The conclusion of your case study will summarize all the important point of the study. To make the conclusion even more compelling, make sure to include your recommended solutions for the problems. For example you can say things like: as it is evident from the study that; this study makes it clear that the most important factors are; in order to resolve problem A, it is recommended that; this study concludes that; on the basis of the evidences narrated in this study, it is suggested that; it has been established that. The signpost outline has the potential to make your case study shine and turn it into an A grade paper. The outline is flexible, meaning that you can adapt it according to your specific requirements and situation. Good luck with it! Also, you can enjoy professionalism of our custom case study writing service.

Article Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Article Critique - Essay Example The difference can show as if they belong to different individuals (Bergner, 2009). Sexual response occurs mainly to the sexual organs that are the genitals (clitoris in females and penis in males) which are engorged with blood because of stimulation. The vagina becomes lubricated making it easy for penetration reducing the possibility of getting hurt during copulation. On the other hand, the penis of the male swells as it is stimulated and hardens enabling it to penetrate the vagina. Males are mostly stimulated while watching heterosexual movies and lesbian (Bergner, 2009). Both males and females are mostly sexually aroused while watching movies from an opposite gender as compared to those of the same gender. Sigmuid Freud states that a persons underlying sexual problems, for example, sexual assault contributes a great deal, on how women respond sexually (Bergner, 2009). Heiman (1990) suggests that women are turned on physiologically by so many stimuli as compared to men who bring the question whether men are inhibited or are bound by their own culture (Bergner, 2009). Females mind and genitals arousal according to Chivers shows discordant in that they are not directly related. This is also shown during rape where during the assault the genitals get aroused which can lead to orgasm irrespective of the individuals willingness. They lubricate to reduce discomfort and injuries that might occur during penetration that can lead to illnesses, death or even loss of fer tility, which can be transmitted, from one generation to the other. The article mostly assumes that the individual reviewed are sexually active. This is vivid in the tone in which the article is written because the author assumes that the reader understand what sexuality is and the processes involved both in theory and out of experience. Another assumption is

Light jet plane Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Light jet plane - Research Paper Example The most primitive needs should be satisfied completely first and then gradually other needs should be fulfilled but then again sometimes the most primitive needs only prove to be a hurdle in the overall growth and routine task execution. The higher importance tasks can only be efficiently performed if the lower basic necessities are met. (Rakowski, 2008) The light jet plane is basically a corporate jet with only one operational pilot seat and capable of accommodating around five people. Some of the have a proper lavatory system while some do not; however, it is very comfortable and highly in demand for many companies. Businessmen and VIP personnel can easily cover their required distances with all the space at their disposal and without having to bear the discomfort of public air transport planes. As the name signifies these planes are small, less heavy and fly at slow speeds but comfortably. (Pike, 2009) The major factor utilizing probably the majority of the organization’s concerns is the fiscal policies. External crisis such as inflation, stock market ups and downs etcetera have huge bearings on the overall economic infrastructure. The economic conditions of the population is checked and double checked before pricing goods or investing in the manufacture process. Moreover the financial condition of a particular locality plays a driving role admits (Kreitner, 2007). Not every geographical demarcation is well suited for buying expensive luxuries. So the company should chalk out its fiscal policies considering the minutest details regarding the ongoing currency value, stock’s market and the economic solidarity of the country. In order to avoid any major setbacks to the organization’s revenue generation or the entire outlet flop. In the modern era of technology it is extremely important for every company in the endeavor to

Is Psychology Reductionist and Is This a Bad Thing?

Is Psychology Reductionist and Is This a Bad Thing? Reductionism can be defined as a theory that reduces every complicated phenomena into a number of simple psychological components or principles and then identifies or explains these phenomena merely in terms of those fundamental parts (Sloane, 1945; Peele, 1981; Ausubel, 1982; Barendregt Rappard, 2004; Vul, 2011). For instance, in psychological studies reductionism tend to oversimplify all cognitive processes, human behaviour or social activity into more basic component, and so disregard the complexities of human mind. The reductionist approach has led to several vital discoveries in scientific studies as they compromise simpler explanation for a complicated phenomenon and, the effects of one variable can be solely isolated and tested, in order to discover causal relationships. For example, in order to develop an understanding of stress the nervous system and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system needs to be studied (Minton, 1994). Rose (1997, as cited in Nagel, 1998) introduced few types of reductionism; philosophical reductionism, which implies that if all science is unitary psychology should easily merge into other sciences, thencomplex psychological behaviour needs to be broken down to physical laws (Jessor, 1958). Methodological reductionism; for instance, in order to find out about the nature of memory and specifically deduce something related to the structure of long-term memory, (Hulme, Maughan Brown, 1991) conducted a study based in a laboratory, giving participants a list of familiar and unfamiliar words to remember.Based on the findings a generalisation of how human long-term memory functions may be made. However, these kinds of researches in psychology are at the reductionist level. Currently the type of reductionism that is of most interest in psychology claims that all behaviours should be reducible to biology (Oppenheim Putnam, 1958; Peele, 1981), meaning that most mental phenomena (consciousness) are equated with biological phenomena. In this essay the idea of reductionism will be analysed through psychological research and a conclusion can then be made based upon evidence to decide whether psychology is a reductionist or not. Reductionism tends to be applicable when explaining behaviour in basic terms, with the more focused sciences at the top and general sciences at the bottom. Behaviours can be explained at different levels, ranging from molecular (physics), followed by the intracellular (biochemistry) then parts of individual’s (physiology), people’s behaviour (psychology) and finally the behaviour of groups (sociology).For instance, mental disorders may be explained by neurotransmitters (physiology) or in terms of the mind (unconsciousness) and in terms of social systems (dysfunctional family). However, when explaining behaviour all level of explanations needs to be taken into account. For example, by taking physiological explanation into account schizophrenia is caused by excess levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine located in the brain (Howes Kapur, 2009; Jentsch, Robert Roth, 1991). The evidence for the involvement of dopamine comes from drugs, such as amphetamines (when taken by people without psychiatric disorder) cause behaviour that resembles the positive symptoms of schizophrenia (Angrist, Rotrosen Gershon, 1980). The drug has the effect of increasing dopamine levels in the brain. However, one problem with this dopamine hypothesis is that not every patient with schizophrenia who takes drugs to reduce dopamine levels has their symptoms reduced, and also everyone who takes drugs that increases levels of dopamine may not show the symptoms. This clearly shows that individual differences are difficult to explain by reductionists, mainly because despite being in its smallest constituent, behaviour is oversimplified. This suggests that dopamine cannot be the only explanation, as every human being is uniqueand therefore all respond differently. So, reductionist explanation is limiting, because the same symptoms or behaviour in two persons may be caused by different factors, such as environmental or biological factors (Walker Diforio, 1997). However, The best solution is probably the diathesis stress model, which combines all approaches together. The diathesis-stress model indicates that physiological explanations tend to offer a predisposition to mental illnesses. Also, an alternative explanation is that a stressful life event causes the onset of mental disorders (Walker Diforio, 1997; Eberhart, Auerbach, Bigda-Peyton Abela, 2011). The individual may have a predisposition to the disorder but only people who experience stressors will develop the disorder. The diathesis stress model can be applied to the cognitive and biological explanation, suggesting that people may have vulnerability for mental illness but the disorder only manifests itself when triggered by life events or when a person misinterprets other people’s behaviour. Although physiological explanation can be seen as reductionist and simplistic, they do offer explanations of mental disorders behaviour. Understanding what is going on in abnormal behaviour by relating it to healthy behavioural processes is undeniably reductionist, but sometimes reductionism helps psychology to devise treatment strategies for mental illnesses. They are not intended to provide exhaustive explanations for why these symptoms exist. They do however; offer some kind of insight into what it might feel like to experience such disorders. For instance, offering anti-depressants to treat patients suffering from depression may seem like an optimum solution but the underlying cause may be disregarded, such as unconscious mental process or personal experience. However, physiological reductionism attempts to consider a more humane tactic to treat certain mental illness, as the individual with mental illness are not to be blamed and the patients have essentially no control or choic e in the matter. Nevertheless, most of these theories are merely reductionist-oriented explanation. In addition, there is some evidence proposing that mental disorders are inherited or at least there is a significant genetic component (Petronis, 2004). Family, twin and adaption studies have been used to investigate this genetic explanation. If the cause of mental disorders were entirely genetic, then the concordance rate between MZ twins would be 100% (Evans Martin, 2008). However, Evans Martin (2008) research have notfound100% concordance so it clearly shows that other factors must be involved in the onset of certain disorders. It is impossible to isolate the effects of genes (nature) from nurture (shared environment) when studying behaviour. Therefore, studies that indicate the concordance rates for disorders must be treated with caution, to avoid impractical cause and effect links. Furthermore, Bandura (1965) claimed that social learning has an influential role on children’s aggressive behaviour. However, biological explanations of aggression have stressed factors that have nothing to do with social learning butmore to do with biological influences, such as the role of hormonal mechanisms. For example, high levels of testosterone have shown to be associatedwith aggressive behaviour (Archer, 1991). These findings emphasise that aggressive behaviour cannot be purely base on a learned behaviour. Also, this explanation neglects to take into account various approaches to explain certain behaviour and therefore being a reductionist.Additionally, there are significant methodological problems in these experimental researches, as research usually does not equate to real world, which could then lead to falsification of the findings. Also, using the social learning theory (Bandura, 1965) to isolatecertain behaviour into various chunks may not provide a full underst anding of how behaviour functions as a whole. This suggests that reductionism may be appropriate for simpler systems rather than a complex human behaviour. However, Morley and Hall (2003) argue that genetic vulnerability associated with anti-social behaviour only inadequately predict an increased risk of aggressive behaviour in an individual than the general population.Other factors (such as environmental influences) determine whether aggressive behaviour is displayed in a particular situation. Similarly, (Hines and Malley-Morrison, 2005)claim that some people are more likely to commit anti-social behaviour as a result of their genotype. Alternatively, suggesting that genetic influences are probabilistic rather than reductionist. Twin researchers also assume that MZ and DZ twins raised in the same environment experience the same experience with their co-twin, therefore any greater similarity between MZ twins must be due to the greater genetic similarity. However, Evans and Martin (2003) suggest that parents, teachers and peers treat MZ twins more similarity than DZ twins; therefore greater similarity in terms of aggressive behaviour may also be due to the greater similarity of their experiences. In this respect, various approaches needs to be considered to explain behaviour, as using simple explanations may be inappropriate. Having said that reductionism can be appropriate for some levels of explanation, it makes more sense to use cellular biology to explain living cells, rather than psychology.But if all animals and humans are made of atoms, then their behaviours can be reduced to a physical level. Researches believe that the two types of units including the physical brain and physical mind interact with each other (Pandya, 2011). Also suggesting that the mind can have an influence on physiology. For example, Martin, Martin, Rai, Richardson and Royall (2001) found that same level of serotonin was altered in the brain of depressed patients who received psychotherapy and those who received drug as a treatment. On the other hand the multi-store model (MSM), which was proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) uses mechanistic, computer analogies to explain cognitive processes such as attention, memory and problem solving. This model is using reductionism to explain how memory functions, as the brain is equated with acomputer system. This model plays a restricted role in understanding evolution or memory, as it describes memory at a reductionist-level. Also, research associated with memory often involves memorising a list of nonsense words to measure the capacity or the duration of long-term and short-term memory, and the findings often offer an erroneous explanation of memory in general (Hulme Maughan Brown, 1991).Researches have found limited evidence for long-term memory. The finding to such studies should not be generalised, as the key variable is oversimplified.However, some research have found evidence for long-term memory, Bahrick, Bahrick and Wittlinger (1975) investigated recall of high school yearbooks photos to find out the duration of long term memory, they found 90% accuracy of long term memory, mainly because the information was meaningful to the participants. In addition, reductionism overlooked the notion of emotion, mostly because it is difficult to determinehow someone is feelingbylooking at neurotransmitters located in the brain. Nevertheless, studies have found that certain hormones such as noradrenalineleads to better memory performance in an individual (Stegeren, 2008). This yield to the conclusion that perhaps there may be an association between biology and behaviour (emotion). However, while it is possibleto observe how human brain responds to certain sounds by looking into a scanner, the scanner cannot reveal how the person feels when they hear a particular sound. For instance, (Schmidt and Trainor, 2001) found that certain section of the brain associated with happiness is stimulated while listening to a particular sound, however this does not mean that the person is happy. In this respect, using reductionism may not be an unacceptable way of assessing feelings. There are many arguments against the idea of reductionism in psychological studies. A prime example of these disagreements involves the discussions of nature versus nurture that whether environmental factors have any involvement in shaping behaviour. Ecological influences can shape behaviour throughout the lifespan even if that person was born with certain genes associated with mental disorders; environmental factors such as family and society play a major role in shaping any further behaviour. The diathesis stress models places an importance on the interaction between the person and their environment, suggesting the biological predisposition to any mental disorders is dormant until stress in the environment makes it active. The diathesis stress model brings together unrelated causal factors into a unified model. The flexibility of the model is that individual differences can account for various contributing factors of mental illnesses (Patten, 2013; Sloane, 1945). This means that the model can explain most instances of mental disorders. The source of stress could be genetic, or perhaps disrupted and inconsistent parenting and communication within family. All the factors above have been suggested as having a causal role in the development of mental disorders, although none of them alone is sufficient to cause the disorder. For example, it seems as though schizophrenia is a complex disorder reflecting problems with genetics and birth, as well as with more general problems living in a busy society. However, such factors do feed into the diathesis stress model described. Alongside with the biological explanation schizophrenia should also be treated at the level of experience. However, further research is sorely needed in the area of reductionism in psychology, as most of these explanations are inconsistentbecause in psychology human behaviour cannot be explained entirely in terms of one single factor, such as physiology, genetic, culture, ethnicity or cultural factors. Therefore, the all these factors should not be disregarded as most people suffering from mental illness may have distinct personality traits, specific genotype or abnormal brain structure, which makes them more vulnerable to develop certain type of mental disorder.Furthermore, reductionist theory fails to explain realism in psychology, as it only view a series of components rather than the whole, which can lead to inadequate explanations of the reality. Perhaps acknowledging all phases of explanations such as physiological, ecological or emotional could lead to a better understanding of the reality.Finally, the reductionist approach has been criticised by many, nonetheless the fact that stu dying the brain allows a deeper understanding to the cause of most behaviour cannot be ignored. Word count: 2200

Cheating and Video Game Player

Cheating is an act of lying, deception, fraud, trickery, imposture, or imposition. Cheating characteristically is employed to create an unfair advantage, usually in one's own interest, and often at the expense of others. Cheating implies the breaking of rules. There are plenty ways to cheat, you can cheat in a relationship, academically, and in games. Cheating is when a person misleads, deceives, or acts dishonestly on purpose. For kids, cheating may happen at school, at home, or while playing a sport. Some kids cheat because they're busy or lazy and they want to get good grades without spending the time studying. Other kids might feel like they can't pass the test without cheating. Even when there seems to be a â€Å"good reason† for cheating, cheating isn't a good idea. At school, in addition to cheating on a test, a kid might cheat by stealing someone else's idea for a science project or by copying a book report off the Internet and turning it in as if it's his or her original work. Copying someone else's words or work and saying they're yours is a type of cheating called plagiarizing. Cheating in video games involves a video game player using non-standard methods for creating an advantage beyond normal gameplay, usually to make the game easier, or may also create unusual effects which do not necessarily make the game easier to play, such as giving characters different appearances, such as large heads. Cheats sometimes may take the form of â€Å"secrets† placed by game developers themselves. Cheats may be activated from within the game itself (a cheat code implemented by the original game developers); or created by third-party software (a game trainer) or hardware. Cheating in a relationship is usually a symptom of an unhealthy relationship. It destroys friendships, breaks trust, and causes guilt, anger, hurt and many other negative emotions. Cheating in relationships is not going to last. There are several reasons why cheating, adultery, infidelity and extra marital affairs often occur in many relationships. People are complicated and appearances can be deceptive. Cheating in relationships depends upon several factors. One important factor is the choice of a partner or spouse. If the choice is not in line with what they require or wish, or with what their partner can give them, there is a chance of cheating. Cheating also occurs when people fail to give their relationships priority by putting time and energy into them. Another major reason is the failure to understand the issues that led to infidelity in the first place. Many people do not want to analyze the role they played in the failure of a relationship. In most cases, they blame others for things that went wrong rather than look inward for complete understanding. Cheating often occurs in many marital relationships. Communication is here the most problematic issue. For a myriad of reasons, partners get little time to talk about feelings with each other, particularly negative feelings. In some relationships, partners are not allowed to share unhappiness. Misunderstandings also make people feel that their spouse does not want to hear their problems. So they do not talk about difficulties. The lack of a sense of empowerment, issues of self esteem and unequal partnership are also significant problems in any relationship.

Anorexia Nervosa And Its Causes - 1418 Words

Running Head: Eating Disorder Bulimia Nervosa and Its Causes Glemerlin Garcia Mercy College Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by weight loss behaviors driven by self-evaluations that are dependent on body weight and shape concerns (Dryer, Tyson, Kiernan, 2013). There is a false myth that this disorder is a life choice but it is a serious illness that could cause damage to a person’s eating habits. This disorder became noticeable a few years ago with all the new technologies but it was always around. Back in time many people died from this and they didn’t have enough resources to really know what it was and what was causing it. According to the DSM-5, Bulimia Nervosa is recurrent episodes of†¦show more content†¦Also to have a better understanding on what really Is bulimia nervosa and how can it be prevented. Meaning that knowing could give an advantage, allowing us to notice if something is wrong. For the sake of research empirical studies were review as well as journal articles for this specific topic. In a research article by (Mond et al., 2004) the study was based on women’s belief concerning causes and risk factors of bulimia. The researches conducted a two-phase epidemiological (medicine that deals with health problems) survey. For the first phase they used a sample of 802 women aged 18-45, with a questionnaire that included screening for eating disorders as well as general psychological distress, impairment, weight and height. In the second phase they were read a serious of problems related to disorder eating, where only 308 women participated. The first question was to indicate whether a series of possible causes was ‘very likely’, ‘likely’, or ‘not likely’ to be a factor(cause) developing in anybody. The option included childhood problems, nervous disposition, etc. Also they were asked to pick that one they believed to be the most likely to be a cause of a problem developing in anyone. The next question was to indicate if a serie s of risk factors was ‘more likely’, ‘equally likely’, and ‘less likely’. As a result, to these questions, having low self-esteem came out to be very likely a

Irony in A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingways Free Essay Example, 2000 words

At the story s beginning, Henry is portrayed as a young man who loves fun stuff and girls. For one thing, Henry s decision to join the war is mainly motivated by the sheer fun it will bring to him, at least in his mind. A sense of patriotism, or love of one s country, is never apparent in his character or virtue. What Henry constantly does in the field is drink alcohol and performs other activities (e. , seducing girls), which are not related to war. Barkley, however, is depicted in the novel as a young woman who is, in the genuine sense, passionate too and about love; this is quite prominent in her role as a nurse during the time of war. Barkley nurses those who are wounded, strangers they may appear to her. The paradox here is the love that grows between two different, if not opposing, people. In addition, the priest s character appears to be paradoxical or contradictory to the character of Count Greffi. Evidently, both men are close to the heart of Henry. The priest and the Count are, in essence, advisers or mentors of Frederic Henry -- the former, of spiritual growth, and the latter, of worldly wisdom. We will write a custom essay sample on Irony in A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway's or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page On the other hand, Count Greffi reveals to Henry his disturbing faith by saying that once he wanted to be a devout [Christian] as I grow older. But as time passes-by, the spirituality of Count Greffi becomes weaker and weaker (Hemingway 236).